1 In our paper, we posit that if automatic determination of names, locations, brands, etc. from the image is needed, it should be done as a separate task that may leverage image meta-information (e.g. GPS info), or complementary techniques such as OCR.↩
1 It is typically acknowledged that spoken language recognition is remarkably more challenging than text-based language identification where, relatively simple techniques based on dictionaries can do a good job. The time/frequency patterns of spoken words are difficult to compare, spoken words can be more difficult to delimit as they can be spoken without pause and at different paces and microphones may record background noise in addition to speech.↩
1 A translation quality benchmark widely used in the machine translation community, computed on the standard WMT newstest2014 English to German translation test data set.↩
